Which statement best describes ribosomes?

• A. They store genetic information.
• B. They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
• C. They modify proteins in the Golgi.
• D. They generate ATP.

Answer: (B)

Ribosomes are the molecular machines that make proteins by translating the genetic message carried by mRNA. They read codons on mRNA and bring in the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain, either free in the cytosol or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They’re not storage units for genetic information—that role belongs to DNA in the nucleus. They don’t edit or modify proteins—the Golgi apparatus handles modification and sorting after synthesis. They don’t generate ATP—the energy for cellular work comes from mitochondria. So, the description that ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA best captures their primary function.